Framework v1 — built for manual, checked data entry

UK AI Energy Index

The UK AI Energy Index is a structured record of what artificial intelligence infrastructure is doing to Britain’s electricity system. It tracks AI electricity demand, the growth of UK data centres and the grid pressure that follows, indicator by indicator. Each entry below carries a named source, a stated update schedule, a confidence level and a public revision history, so you can judge how solid a number is before you use it.

Status: the index structure is live. Readings are compiled and published by hand, indicator by indicator, as each source is verified. We are deliberately not automating collection yet — an automated feed that quietly ingests a bad number is worse than an empty cell.

Indicators tracked
42
Published readings
44
Last updated
6 Oct 2026

Every figure carries its own source and collection date.

The three sub-indices

The UK AI Energy Index tracks how artificial intelligence and data-centre growth are affecting Britain’s electricity demand, physical infrastructure and power networks. It brings together available evidence on electricity consumption, data-centre development and regional grid pressure, and is designed to distinguish verified information from estimates, forecasts and undisclosed data.

AI Electricity Demand Index

2024 baseline

RisingBaseline period: 2024 (DESNZ, published 30 June 2026)

Growth: not yet calculated

The electricity required to support AI and data-centre activity in the UK: consumption, share of national demand, growth rates and published forecasts.

Last reviewed: 15 Aug 2026

View the full sub-index

Data Centre Growth Index

Initial baseline published — coverage expanding

Baseline period: Autumn 2024

Growth: not yet calculated

The initial baseline covers Great Britain's colocation data-centre IT capacity. Project coverage is expanding. Growth will be calculated when comparable readings are available.

Last reviewed: 11 Sep 2026

View the full sub-index

Grid Pressure Index

National indicators published — regional assessment in development

Baseline period: November 2024 and June 2025

Growth: not yet calculated

National connection-queue figures are published and sourced. Regional pressure ratings are not: a national queue total cannot establish how much pressure any individual region is under, so every region remains at "Insufficient evidence" while regional evidence is collected.

Last reviewed: 11 Sep 2026

View the full sub-index

Latest available UK indicators

Each field shows its value, geographic coverage, reporting period, source, classification, confidence and the date it was last reviewed. Where the published evidence does not support a figure, the field reads “Insufficient evidence” — nothing is estimated to fill a gap.

Latest available UK AI energy indicators
IndicatorValueCoverageReporting periodSourceClassificationConfidenceReview status
Annual data-centre electricity consumption (Great Britain)4.5 TWh per yearGreat Britain2024Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ)officialHigh
15 Aug 2026
Next review: 15 August 2027
Data-centre share of Great Britain grid electricity1.8 PercentageGreat Britain2024Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ)officialHigh
15 Aug 2026
Next review: 15 August 2027
Colocation data-centre IT capacity (Great Britain, maximum rated IT load)1.6 GWGreat BritainAutumn 2024Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT)VerifiedMedium
11 Sep 2026
Next review: 11 February 2027
Operational UK data centresInsufficient evidence———Data not yet availableNot assessed
—
Data centres under constructionInsufficient evidence———Data not yet availableNot assessed
—
Approved or proposed developmentsInsufficient evidence———Data not yet availableNot assessed
—
New capacity in megawattsInsufficient evidence———Data not yet availableNot assessed
—
Contracted demand connection capacity in the Great Britain queue (all sectors, not consumption)125 GWGreat BritainJune 2025Ofgem — Proposed data centre connection reforms (Curate consultation document), paragraph 2.6officialHigh
11 Sep 2026
Next review: 11 March 2027
Data-centre share of the Great Britain demand connection queueInsufficient evidence — sources conflictGreat BritainNot establishedOfgem — consultation document paragraph 2.7 and press release, 29 July 2026insufficient_evidenceNot assessed
11 Sep 2026
Next review: 11 March 2027
Average grid-connection waiting timeInsufficient evidence———Data not yet availableNot assessed
—
Regions currently experiencing high or severe pressureInsufficient evidence———Data not yet availableNot assessed
—

Read the methodology and full source register

Current edition — September 2026 baseline edition

Methodology version 1 · published 23 Sept 2026

First published edition of the UK AI Energy Index, assembled from the existing published indicators and datapoints (DESNZ, NESO, DSIT, Ofgem). No composite score and no comparison with a previous edition.

medium

Indicators and sources

AI electricity demand

Data-centre electricity consumption, Great Britain

Measured in TWh per year

high

Electricity consumed from the public grid by data centres in Great Britain, as estimated by DESNZ.

Latest reading — 2024 (estimate)
4.5 TWh per year
Next review: 15 August 2027
+9.8% on 2023

DESNZ workbook Table_2, Great Britain row. Exact workbook value 4.4595375820 TWh. DESNZ reports this as 4.5 TWh.

PeriodValueBasis
20244.5 TWh per yearEstimate · high
20234.1 TWh per yearEstimate · high
20223.8 TWh per yearEstimate · high
20213.4 TWh per yearEstimate · high
20203.2 TWh per yearEstimate · high
Last updated
15 Aug 2026
Update schedule
Annual
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: DESNZ statistical estimate of electricity consumed from the public grid by data centres, published in the Energy Trends June 2026 special feature article and its accompanying workbook (Table_2, TWh).

Caveats: Covers data centres generally. It is not an estimate of electricity used specifically by artificial intelligence. Great Britain only, so Northern Ireland is excluded. Measures electricity taken from the public grid, so any on-site generation is excluded.

Data-centre share of Great Britain grid electricity consumption

Measured in Percentage

high

Data-centre electricity consumption as a share of all electricity consumed from the grid in Great Britain.

Latest reading — 2024 (estimate)
1.8 Percentage
Next review: 15 August 2027
+5.9% on 2023

DESNZ workbook Table_3, Great Britain row. Exact workbook value 1.789199%, reported by DESNZ as approximately 2 per cent of the 249.2 TWh consumed from the grid in Great Britain.

PeriodValueBasis
20241.8 PercentageEstimate · high
20231.7 PercentageEstimate · high
20221.5 PercentageEstimate · high
20211.3 PercentageEstimate · high
20201.2 PercentageEstimate · high
Last updated
15 Aug 2026
Update schedule
Annual
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Taken directly from the DESNZ workbook, Table_3 (share of electricity consumed from the grid).

Caveats: Covers data centres generally, not AI workloads. DESNZ rounds this to 2 per cent in the article text; the workbook value for 2024 is 1.79 per cent.

Change in GB data-centre electricity consumption, 2020 to 2024 (absolute)

Measured in TWh per year

high

Absolute increase in data-centre electricity consumption in Great Britain between 2020 and 2024.

Latest reading — 2020 to 2024 (estimate)
1.3 TWh per year
Next review: 15 August 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

Increase of 1.3 TWh between 2020 and 2024, as reported by DESNZ.

Last updated
15 Aug 2026
Update schedule
Annual
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Calculated from the DESNZ workbook, Table_2: 2024 value minus 2020 value.

Caveats: A change between two DESNZ statistical estimates, not a metered measurement. Not AI-specific.

Growth in GB data-centre electricity consumption, 2020 to 2024

Measured in Percentage change

high

Percentage increase in data-centre electricity consumption in Great Britain between 2020 and 2024.

Latest reading — 2020 to 2024 (estimate)
41 Percentage change
Next review: 15 August 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

DESNZ workbook Table_2, percentage change column. Exact workbook value 41.1736%, reported by DESNZ as 41 per cent.

Last updated
15 Aug 2026
Update schedule
Annual
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Published in the DESNZ workbook, Table_2, percentage change column (0.4118, reported by DESNZ as 41 per cent).

Caveats: A historical DESNZ estimate of change, not a real-time reading and not AI-specific.

Data-centre electricity consumption, London

Measured in TWh per year

high

Electricity consumed from the grid by data centres in London (Inner and Outer London combined).

Latest reading — 2024 (estimate)
1.7 TWh per year
Next review: 15 August 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

Inner London and Outer London rows of the DESNZ workbook, Table_2, added together. DESNZ reports approximately 1.7 TWh for London.

Last updated
15 Aug 2026
Update schedule
Annual
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Sum of the Inner London and Outer London rows in the DESNZ workbook, Table_2.

Caveats: Describes total data-centre consumption in the region, not the location of AI workloads.

Data-centre electricity consumption, South East

Measured in TWh per year

high

Electricity consumed from the grid by data centres in the South East of England.

Latest reading — 2024 (estimate)
1.8 TWh per year
Next review: 15 August 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

DESNZ workbook Table_2, South East row. Exact workbook value 1.7853198722 TWh.

Last updated
15 Aug 2026
Update schedule
Annual
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Taken directly from the DESNZ workbook, Table_2, South East row.

Caveats: Describes total data-centre consumption in the region, not the location of AI workloads.

London and South East combined share of GB data-centre consumption

Measured in Percentage

high

Share of all Great Britain data-centre electricity consumption accounted for by London and the South East together.

Latest reading — 2024 (estimate)
77 Percentage
Next review: 15 August 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

London and the South East together accounted for 77 per cent of Great Britain data-centre electricity consumption in 2024.

Last updated
15 Aug 2026
Update schedule
Annual
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Calculated from the DESNZ workbook, Table_2: (Inner London + Outer London + South East) divided by Great Britain.

Caveats: A concentration measure for data centres generally, not AI workloads.

Data-centre electricity consumption, Slough

Measured in TWh per year

high

Electricity consumed from the grid by data centres in the Slough local authority area.

Latest reading — 2024 (estimate)
1.3 TWh per year
Next review: 15 August 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

DESNZ workbook Table_2, Slough row. Exact workbook value 1.2934434192 TWh.

Last updated
15 Aug 2026
Update schedule
Annual
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Taken directly from the DESNZ workbook, Table_2, Slough row.

Caveats: A local-authority figure, shown separately from the regional and Great Britain totals. Not AI-specific.

Slough share of GB data-centre electricity consumption

Measured in Percentage

high

Share of all Great Britain data-centre electricity consumption accounted for by Slough.

Latest reading — 2024 (estimate)
29 Percentage
Next review: 15 August 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

Slough accounted for about 29 per cent of Great Britain data-centre electricity consumption in 2024.

Last updated
15 Aug 2026
Update schedule
Annual
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Calculated from the DESNZ workbook, Table_2: Slough divided by Great Britain.

Caveats: A concentration measure for data centres generally, not AI workloads.

Data-centre share of Slough grid electricity consumption

Measured in Percentage

high

Share of all electricity consumed from the grid in Slough that is consumed by data centres.

Latest reading — 2024 (estimate)
65 Percentage
Next review: 15 August 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

DESNZ workbook Table_3, Slough row. Exact workbook value 65.1642%, reported by DESNZ as approximately 65 per cent.

Last updated
15 Aug 2026
Update schedule
Annual
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Taken directly from the DESNZ workbook, Table_3, Slough row.

Caveats: A local grid measure for Slough only. It says nothing about the share elsewhere in Great Britain and is not AI-specific.

AI-attributable electricity demand

Measured in TWh/year

low

Estimated annual electricity consumed by AI workloads running in UK data centres.

No published reading yet — this indicator is defined and scheduled, but the first value is still being compiled by hand.
Source
NESO Future Energy Scenarios(System / network operator)
Last updated
15 Aug 2026
Update schedule
Annual
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Taken from published scenario and data centre demand figures, then narrowed to the AI-attributable share using the assumptions stated on each reading. Not a metered figure.

Caveats: No authoritative UK or Great Britain source reviewed to date separates electricity consumed by AI workloads from electricity consumed by other data-centre workloads.

GB data-centre electricity consumption (2030 projection)

Measured in TWh per year

medium

Projected annual electricity consumption of all data centres in Great Britain in 2030 under NESO's Clean Power 2030 pathway.

Latest reading — 2030 (Clean Power 2030 pathway) (estimate)
22 TWh per year
Next review: 11 February 2027

NESO projects GB data-centre electricity demand rising to 22 TWh a year by 2030, around a fivefold increase on its baseline.

PeriodValueBasis
2030 (Clean Power 2030 pathway)22 TWh per yearEstimate · medium
2030 (FES 2025 ten-year forecast)20.1 TWh (5.2 GW connected capacity; modelled range 3.7 to 6.3 GW)Estimate · medium
Source
National Energy System Operator (NESO)(Official statistics)
Last updated
11 Aug 2026
Update schedule
When the source publishes
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Recorded directly from NESO's published figures. The Clean Power 2030 figure and the FES 2025 ten-year forecast are reported separately; no adjustment or re-modelling is applied.

Caveats: Scenario-dependent forecast derived from planning and grid connection registers, which typically overstate eventual build-out. Not AI-specific. NESO now updates its ten-year forecast yearly in the Ten Year Outlook; the 2026 edition is not yet reflected here.

GB total annual electricity demand

Measured in TWh per year

medium

Total annual electricity demand across Great Britain, used as the denominator for share calculations.

Latest reading — 2023
263 TWh per year
Next review: 12 August 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

NESO Clean Power 2030, Annex 1: Electricity demand and supply analysis, section 2.1.1.

Source
National Energy System Operator (NESO)(Official statistics)
Last updated
12 Aug 2026
Update schedule
Annual
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: NESO Clean Power 2030, Annex 1, section 2.1.1.

Caveats: Great Britain, not the United Kingdom.

Quarterly AI electricity-demand growth

Measured in Percentage change

indicative

Quarter-on-quarter change in electricity demand attributable to AI workloads in the UK.

No published reading yet — this indicator is defined and scheduled, but the first value is still being compiled by hand.
Source
—(Official statistics)
Last updated
15 Aug 2026
Update schedule
Quarterly
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: No published UK series separates AI workloads at quarterly frequency. The indicator is defined so that it can be populated if such a series is published.

Caveats: No authoritative UK or Great Britain source reviewed to date separates electricity consumed by AI workloads from electricity consumed by other data-centre workloads.

GB peak electricity demand

Measured in GW

medium

Peak electricity demand recorded across Great Britain.

Latest reading — 2023
58 GW
Next review: 12 August 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

NESO Clean Power 2030, Annex 1, section 2.1.1.

Source
National Energy System Operator (NESO)(Official statistics)
Last updated
12 Aug 2026
Update schedule
Annual
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: NESO Clean Power 2030, Annex 1, section 2.1.1.

Caveats: A capacity measure in gigawatts; not comparable with annual consumption in TWh.

AI-specific peak-power requirement

Measured in MW

indicative

Peak electrical power drawn by AI workloads in the UK, as distinct from annual consumption.

No published reading yet — this indicator is defined and scheduled, but the first value is still being compiled by hand.
Source
—(Official statistics)
Last updated
15 Aug 2026
Update schedule
When the source publishes
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: No UK source publishes peak power separately for AI workloads. The indicator is defined so that it can be populated if such data is published.

Caveats: No authoritative UK or Great Britain source reviewed to date separates electricity consumed by AI workloads from electricity consumed by other data-centre workloads.

GB data-centre electricity demand, 2035

Measured in TWh per year

medium

FES 2025 pathway projections of Great Britain data-centre electricity demand in 2035.

Latest reading — By 2035 - FES 2025 pathways
20 to 41 TWh (Falling Behind 20; Hydrogen Evolution 30; Ten Year Forecast 33; Holistic Transition 37; Electric Engagement 41)
Next review: 12 August 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

NESO FES 2025 Data Workbook (version 6), figure F.47 and data table ED1.

Source
National Energy System Operator (NESO)(System / network operator)
Last updated
12 Aug 2026
Update schedule
Annual
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Scenario values are taken from NESO's FES 2025 Data Workbook (figure F.47) and reported individually; no average is calculated across scenarios.

Caveats: Scenario projections, not predictions. NESO's Future Energy Scenarios have moved to a three-yearly cycle; its Ten Year Outlook is now the yearly update and covers the Ten Year Forecast only.

GB data-centre electricity demand, 2050

Measured in TWh per year

medium

Published long-range projections of Great Britain data-centre electricity demand in 2050.

Latest reading — By 2050 - Clean Power 2030 (November 2024)
62 TWh per year
Next review: 12 August 2027

NESO Clean Power 2030, Annex 1, section 2.1.4.

PeriodValueBasis
By 2050 - Clean Power 2030 (November 2024)62 TWh per yearMeasured · medium
By 2050 - FES 2025 pathways30 to 71 TWh (Falling Behind 30; Hydrogen Evolution 51; Holistic Transition 65; Electric Engagement 71; no Ten Year Forecast value)Measured · medium
Source
National Energy System Operator (NESO)(System / network operator)
Last updated
12 Aug 2026
Update schedule
When the source publishes
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: FES 2025 scenario values (NESO FES 2025 Data Workbook, figure F.47) and the earlier Clean Power 2030 figure are reported separately.

Caveats: Scenario projections, not predictions. NESO's Future Energy Scenarios have moved to a three-yearly cycle, so 2050 scenario values are next expected with the next major FES update; the yearly Ten Year Outlook does not extend to 2050.

GB total annual electricity demand, 2030

Measured in TWh per year

medium

NESO Clean Power 2030 projection of total Great Britain electricity demand in 2030.

Latest reading — 2030 (Clean Power 2030 pathway)
287 TWh per year
Next review: 12 August 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

NESO Clean Power 2030, Annex 1, section 2.1.2 - demand growth of 11% to 287 TWh in 2030.

Source
National Energy System Operator (NESO)(Official statistics)
Last updated
12 Aug 2026
Update schedule
Annual
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: NESO Clean Power 2030, Annex 1, section 2.1.2.

Caveats: Forecast, not an observation.

GB data-centre electricity demand - NESO modelled estimate

Measured in TWh per year

medium

NESO current estimate of annual electricity demand from data centres connected in Great Britain.

Latest reading — NESO modelled estimate as at November 2025 (estimate)
7.6 TWh per year
Next review: 15 August 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

NESO Grid Code Development Forum, 5 November 2025, slide 10, citing FES 2025.

Source
National Energy System Operator (NESO)(System / network operator)
Last updated
12 Aug 2026
Update schedule
Annual
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Taken verbatim from the NESO Grid Code Development Forum pack, 5 November 2025, slide 10, sourced to FES 2025.

Caveats: A modelled estimate covering data centres generally, not AI workloads. Its methodology differs from the DESNZ historical series, so it is not the next comparable annual observation after DESNZ 2024 and no growth rate is calculated between the two. NESO's Future Energy Scenarios have moved to a three-yearly cycle; its Ten Year Outlook is now the yearly update.

GB data-centre electricity consumption (superseded NESO modelling input)

Measured in TWh per year

medium

Annual electricity consumption of all data centres in Great Britain, used as the present-day baseline in NESO's Clean Power 2030 analysis. This measures consumption, not capacity, and covers all data centres rather than AI workloads specifically.

No published reading yet — this indicator is defined and scheduled, but the first value is still being compiled by hand.
Source
National Energy System Operator (NESO)(Official statistics)
Last updated
15 Aug 2026
Update schedule
When the source publishes
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Recorded directly from NESO's published modelling assumption. No adjustment, apportionment or estimation is applied by AI Energy Intelligence.

Caveats: A modelling input rather than a measured statistic. NESO did not state a precise base year. Great Britain, not AI-specific. Superseded as the principal baseline by the DESNZ 2024 official estimate and retained here as historical context only.

Data-centre share of GB electricity demand (superseded internal calculation)

Measured in Percentage

medium

Data-centre electricity demand expressed as a share of total Great Britain electricity demand.

No published reading yet — this indicator is defined and scheduled, but the first value is still being compiled by hand.
Last updated
15 Aug 2026
Update schedule
Annual
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Calculated by AI Energy Intelligence from two figures published in the same NESO document. No cross-source division is performed.

Caveats: Calculated by AI Energy Intelligence from NESO figures with mismatched reporting periods. Superseded by the official DESNZ 2024 share and retained only as history.

Grid and network

Data-centre capacity within the GB demand connection queue

Measured in GW

medium

How much of the contracted demand connection queue is accounted for by data-centre projects.

Latest reading — Not established
Insufficient evidence — sources conflict
Next review: 11 March 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

Ofgem's consultation document states approximately 73 GW of the demand queue are data centres, across around 315 projects with contracted capacities from 1 MW to 1,500 MW. Ofgem's press release of the same date states data centre projects account for "at least 80GWs" and separately refers to "around 73GW referenced in Ofgem's consultation". The two figures are not reconciled and neither document states the date the subtotal describes, so no reading is published.

Last updated
11 Sept 2026
Update schedule
When the source publishes
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: No figure is published while Ofgem's own documents give conflicting totals. The consultation document states approximately 73 GW across around 315 projects; the accompanying press release states data centres account for "at least 80GWs" while also citing "around 73GW referenced in Ofgem's consultation". Neither document states the date the data-centre subtotal describes. The discrepancy is flagged for review rather than resolved by choosing one figure or combining them.

Caveats: Figures conflict between Ofgem publications and the reporting date of the data-centre subtotal is not stated. No reading is published.

Data centre infrastructure

GB connected data-centre capacity

Measured in GW

medium

Electrical capacity of data-centre facilities already connected to the Great Britain electricity system.

Latest reading — As at November 2025 (estimate)
2.4 GW
Next review: 12 August 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

NESO Grid Code Development Forum, 5 November 2025, slide 10.

Source
National Energy System Operator (NESO)(System / network operator)
Last updated
12 Aug 2026
Update schedule
Annual
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Taken verbatim from the NESO Grid Code Development Forum pack, 5 November 2025, slide 10.

Caveats: Connected capacity, not IT load and not contracted future capacity. NESO does not state the capacity definition.

GB colocation data-centre capacity

Measured in GW

medium

Maximum rated IT load of colocation data centres in Great Britain, as estimated by DSIT. Excludes enterprise data centres, and measures IT load rather than facility load, grid-connection capacity or campus capacity.

Latest reading — Autumn 2024 (estimate)
1.6 GW
Next review: 11 February 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

Parliamentary Question answer reproduced in the DSIT research and analysis page published 1 May 2025; the answer was first published 11 March 2025.

Last updated
11 Aug 2026
Update schedule
When the source publishes
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Recorded directly from the DSIT total. No adjustment or extrapolation to a UK-wide or all-facility figure is applied.

Caveats: Colocation only, so it understates the total estate. Modelled estimates, rounded. Great Britain only: Northern Ireland is excluded.

UK AI-capable data-centre capacity requirement (2030)

Measured in GW

medium

Forecast requirement for AI-capable data-centre capacity in the UK by 2030, as set out in the UK Compute Roadmap. This is a forecast requirement, not installed capacity.

Latest reading — By 2030 (UK Compute Roadmap forecast) (estimate)
6 GW
Next review: 11 February 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

The UK Compute Roadmap forecasts a need for at least 6 GW of AI-capable data-centre capacity by 2030.

Last updated
11 Aug 2026
Update schedule
When the source publishes
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Recorded directly from the published forecast. No comparison is drawn with recorded capacity figures, because the definitions and geographies differ.

Caveats: The roadmap does not define whether "AI-capable capacity" means IT load, facility load or grid-connection capacity. UK-wide, so it is not comparable with Great Britain colocation figures.

Total contracted demand in the GB connection queue

Measured in GW

medium

Total contracted electricity connection offers held by demand projects in the Great Britain connections queue, across transmission and distribution.

Latest reading — June 2025
125 GW
Next review: 11 March 2027
+204.9% on November 2024

Total contracted offers in the Great Britain demand connection queue: 97 GW transmission and 29 GW distribution as reported by Ofgem. The change against November 2024 is growth in contracted connection offers, not growth in electricity consumed or in physical network pressure.

PeriodValueBasis
June 2025125 GWMeasured · medium
November 202441 GWMeasured · medium
Last updated
12 Aug 2026
Update schedule
When the source publishes
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Taken directly from Ofgem's published figures for the demand connection queue. Readings for different dates are only compared where Ofgem states the same definition and coverage.

Caveats: This is contracted connection capacity, not electricity being consumed, not operational data-centre capacity and not exclusively data-centre demand. It is not evidence that every queued project will proceed. A national queue total does not establish grid pressure in any particular region.

Colocation data-centre IT capacity - London

Measured in MW

medium

Maximum rated IT load of colocation data centres in the London ITL1 region.

Latest reading — Autumn 2024 (estimate)
1,048 MW
Next review: 12 February 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

DSIT, Estimate of Data Centre Capacity: Great Britain 2024 - regional table.

Last updated
12 Aug 2026
Update schedule
When the source publishes
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: DSIT internal dataset of colocation data centres, estimated from rack densities and floor area, summed by ITL1 region.

Caveats: Colocation facilities only; enterprise data centres are excluded. ITL1 regions differ from the nine index regions - Slough and the Thames Valley falls within South East.

Colocation data-centre IT capacity - South East

Measured in MW

medium

Maximum rated IT load of colocation data centres in the South East ITL1 region.

Latest reading — Autumn 2024 (estimate)
128 MW
Next review: 12 February 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

DSIT, Estimate of Data Centre Capacity: Great Britain 2024 - regional table.

Last updated
12 Aug 2026
Update schedule
When the source publishes
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: DSIT internal dataset of colocation data centres, estimated from rack densities and floor area, summed by ITL1 region.

Caveats: Colocation facilities only; enterprise data centres are excluded. ITL1 regions differ from the nine index regions - Slough and the Thames Valley falls within South East.

Colocation data-centre IT capacity - Wales

Measured in MW

medium

Maximum rated IT load of colocation data centres in the Wales ITL1 region.

Latest reading — Autumn 2024 (estimate)
154 MW
Next review: 12 February 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

DSIT, Estimate of Data Centre Capacity: Great Britain 2024 - regional table.

Last updated
12 Aug 2026
Update schedule
When the source publishes
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: DSIT internal dataset of colocation data centres, estimated from rack densities and floor area, summed by ITL1 region.

Caveats: Colocation facilities only; enterprise data centres are excluded. ITL1 regions differ from the nine index regions - Slough and the Thames Valley falls within South East.

Colocation data-centre IT capacity - South West

Measured in MW

medium

Maximum rated IT load of colocation data centres in the South West ITL1 region.

Latest reading — Autumn 2024 (estimate)
53 MW
Next review: 12 February 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

DSIT, Estimate of Data Centre Capacity: Great Britain 2024 - regional table.

Last updated
12 Aug 2026
Update schedule
When the source publishes
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: DSIT internal dataset of colocation data centres, estimated from rack densities and floor area, summed by ITL1 region.

Caveats: Colocation facilities only; enterprise data centres are excluded. ITL1 regions differ from the nine index regions - Slough and the Thames Valley falls within South East.

Colocation data-centre IT capacity - North West

Measured in MW

medium

Maximum rated IT load of colocation data centres in the North West ITL1 region.

Latest reading — Autumn 2024 (estimate)
52 MW
Next review: 12 February 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

DSIT, Estimate of Data Centre Capacity: Great Britain 2024 - regional table.

Last updated
12 Aug 2026
Update schedule
When the source publishes
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: DSIT internal dataset of colocation data centres, estimated from rack densities and floor area, summed by ITL1 region.

Caveats: Colocation facilities only; enterprise data centres are excluded. ITL1 regions differ from the nine index regions - Slough and the Thames Valley falls within South East.

Colocation data-centre IT capacity - East

Measured in MW

medium

Maximum rated IT load of colocation data centres in the East ITL1 region.

Latest reading — Autumn 2024 (estimate)
44 MW
Next review: 12 February 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

DSIT, Estimate of Data Centre Capacity: Great Britain 2024 - regional table.

Last updated
12 Aug 2026
Update schedule
When the source publishes
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: DSIT internal dataset of colocation data centres, estimated from rack densities and floor area, summed by ITL1 region.

Caveats: Colocation facilities only; enterprise data centres are excluded. ITL1 regions differ from the nine index regions - Slough and the Thames Valley falls within South East.

Colocation data-centre IT capacity - Scotland

Measured in MW

medium

Maximum rated IT load of colocation data centres in the Scotland ITL1 region.

Latest reading — Autumn 2024 (estimate)
30 MW
Next review: 12 February 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

DSIT, Estimate of Data Centre Capacity: Great Britain 2024 - regional table.

Last updated
12 Aug 2026
Update schedule
When the source publishes
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: DSIT internal dataset of colocation data centres, estimated from rack densities and floor area, summed by ITL1 region.

Caveats: Colocation facilities only; enterprise data centres are excluded. ITL1 regions differ from the nine index regions - Slough and the Thames Valley falls within South East.

Colocation data-centre IT capacity - North East

Measured in MW

medium

Maximum rated IT load of colocation data centres in the North East ITL1 region.

Latest reading — Autumn 2024 (estimate)
17 MW
Next review: 12 February 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

DSIT, Estimate of Data Centre Capacity: Great Britain 2024 - regional table.

Last updated
12 Aug 2026
Update schedule
When the source publishes
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: DSIT internal dataset of colocation data centres, estimated from rack densities and floor area, summed by ITL1 region.

Caveats: Colocation facilities only; enterprise data centres are excluded. ITL1 regions differ from the nine index regions - Slough and the Thames Valley falls within South East.

Colocation data-centre IT capacity - Yorkshire and the Humber

Measured in MW

medium

Maximum rated IT load of colocation data centres in the Yorkshire and the Humber ITL1 region.

Latest reading — Autumn 2024 (estimate)
16 MW
Next review: 12 February 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

DSIT, Estimate of Data Centre Capacity: Great Britain 2024 - regional table.

Last updated
12 Aug 2026
Update schedule
When the source publishes
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: DSIT internal dataset of colocation data centres, estimated from rack densities and floor area, summed by ITL1 region.

Caveats: Colocation facilities only; enterprise data centres are excluded. ITL1 regions differ from the nine index regions - Slough and the Thames Valley falls within South East.

Colocation data-centre IT capacity - West Midlands

Measured in MW

medium

Maximum rated IT load of colocation data centres in the West Midlands ITL1 region.

Latest reading — Autumn 2024 (estimate)
15 MW
Next review: 12 February 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

DSIT, Estimate of Data Centre Capacity: Great Britain 2024 - regional table.

Last updated
12 Aug 2026
Update schedule
When the source publishes
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: DSIT internal dataset of colocation data centres, estimated from rack densities and floor area, summed by ITL1 region.

Caveats: Colocation facilities only; enterprise data centres are excluded. ITL1 regions differ from the nine index regions - Slough and the Thames Valley falls within South East.

Announced UK data centre capacity

Measured in MW

low

IT capacity announced, consented or under construction across UK data centre projects.

No published reading yet — this indicator is defined and scheduled, but the first value is still being compiled by hand.
Last updated
Not yet published
Update schedule
Quarterly
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Built by hand from named project announcements and planning records. Each project is counted once, at its most recently stated capacity.

Caveats: Announcements are marketing documents as much as engineering ones; announced capacity regularly differs from what is eventually energised.

Colocation data-centre IT capacity - East Midlands

Measured in MW

medium

Maximum rated IT load of colocation data centres in the East Midlands ITL1 region.

Latest reading — Autumn 2024 (estimate)
9 MW
Next review: 12 February 2027
First published reading — no earlier period to compare against yet.

DSIT, Estimate of Data Centre Capacity: Great Britain 2024 - regional table.

Last updated
12 Aug 2026
Update schedule
When the source publishes
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: DSIT internal dataset of colocation data centres, estimated from rack densities and floor area, summed by ITL1 region.

Caveats: Colocation facilities only; enterprise data centres are excluded. ITL1 regions differ from the nine index regions - Slough and the Thames Valley falls within South East.

Cost and market

UK wholesale electricity price

Measured in GBP/MWh

high

Reference wholesale electricity price used as the cost baseline across our calculators.

No published reading yet — this indicator is defined and scheduled, but the first value is still being compiled by hand.
Source
Ofgem data portal(Regulator)
Last updated
Not yet published
Update schedule
Monthly
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Period average taken from the published regulator dataset stated on each reading.

Caveats: Wholesale prices are volatile within a period; a period average will not match any single settlement period.

Efficiency and intensity

Data centre energy efficiency (PUE)

Measured in ratio

low

Reported power usage effectiveness for UK data centre estates — how much total power is drawn per unit of IT power.

No published reading yet — this indicator is defined and scheduled, but the first value is still being compiled by hand.
Source
IEA — Energy and AI(Industry body)
Last updated
Not yet published
Update schedule
Annual
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Averaged from published operator and international agency reporting, with the sample size recorded on each reading.

Caveats: PUE is self-reported, defined inconsistently, and best-performing operators are the most likely to publish.

Public and business adoption

UK business AI adoption

Measured in % of businesses

high

Share of UK businesses reporting that they use artificial intelligence technologies.

No published reading yet — this indicator is defined and scheduled, but the first value is still being compiled by hand.
Last updated
Not yet published
Update schedule
Monthly
How it is collected
Manual entry

Method: Taken directly from the published survey release for the stated period.

Caveats: Survey-based and self-reported; respondents define "using AI" differently and the question wording changes between waves.

Methodology

How the index is built

  1. Every indicator is defined first: what it measures, in what unit, from which named source, on what schedule, and which direction counts as more pressure on the system.
  2. A reading is entered for a stated period. Readings are marked as measured or estimated, and carry the source used for that specific figure.
  3. Readings are normalised to a comparable score before being weighted into an edition. Weights are published on each indicator card above.
  4. An edition is a dated release with its own methodology version. Older editions are kept as published, not silently rewritten.
  5. Any change to a published figure is logged in the revision history below, with the old value, the new value and the reason.

Confidence levels

High
Published by an official source, a regulator or a system operator, directly measuring the thing we describe.
Medium
Credible published figure that needs interpretation — for example a national statistic used as a proxy, or a figure covering a slightly different scope.
Low
Derived from partial reporting, industry disclosure or a small sample. Directionally useful, not quotable as fact.
Indicative
Our own modelled estimate under stated assumptions. Treat as a scenario, not a measurement.

Full site-wide approach: research methodology and editorial standards.

Update schedule

Each indicator follows the cadence of its underlying source rather than a fixed publishing calendar. Where a source slips, the indicator keeps its last published reading and the delay is recorded rather than back-filled with an estimate.

IndicatorFrequencyNext reviewCollectionConfidence
GB data-centre consumption (DESNZ)AnnualNext review: 15 August 2027Manual entrymedium
Data centres in the connection queueWhen the source publishesNext review: 11 March 2027Manual entrylow
GB share (DESNZ)AnnualNext review: 15 August 2027Manual entrymedium
Change 2020-2024 (TWh)AnnualNext review: 15 August 2027Manual entrymedium
Growth 2020-2024AnnualNext review: 15 August 2027Manual entrymedium
LondonAnnualNext review: 15 August 2027Manual entrymedium
South EastAnnualNext review: 15 August 2027Manual entrymedium
London and South East shareAnnualNext review: 15 August 2027Manual entrymedium
SloughAnnualNext review: 15 August 2027Manual entrymedium
Slough share of GBAnnualNext review: 15 August 2027Manual entrymedium
Share of Slough gridAnnualNext review: 15 August 2027Manual entrymedium
AI demandAnnualNext review: 15 August 2027Manual entrylow
GB consumption 2030When the source publishesNext review: 11 February 2027Manual entrymedium
Connected DC capacityAnnualNext review: 12 August 2027Manual entrymedium
GB total demandAnnualNext review: 12 August 2027Manual entrymedium
Quarterly AI demand growthQuarterlyNext review: 15 November 2026Manual entryindicative
GB peak demandAnnualNext review: 12 August 2027Manual entrymedium
AI peak powerWhen the source publishesNext review: 15 February 2027Manual entryindicative
GB colocation capacityWhen the source publishesNext review: 11 February 2027Manual entrymedium
AI-capable capacity need 2030When the source publishesNext review: 11 February 2027Manual entrymedium
DC demand 2035AnnualNext review: 12 August 2027Manual entrymedium
DC demand 2050When the source publishesNext review: 12 August 2027Manual entrymedium
GB total demand 2030AnnualNext review: 12 August 2027Manual entrymedium
Contracted demand in the connection queueWhen the source publishesNext review: 11 March 2027Manual entrymedium
LondonWhen the source publishesNext review: 12 February 2027Manual entrymedium
DC demand (FES 2025)AnnualNext review: 15 August 2027Manual entrymedium
South EastWhen the source publishesNext review: 12 February 2027Manual entrymedium
WalesWhen the source publishesNext review: 12 February 2027Manual entrymedium
South WestWhen the source publishesNext review: 12 February 2027Manual entrymedium
North WestWhen the source publishesNext review: 12 February 2027Manual entrymedium
EastWhen the source publishesNext review: 12 February 2027Manual entrymedium
ScotlandWhen the source publishesNext review: 12 February 2027Manual entrymedium
North EastWhen the source publishesNext review: 12 February 2027Manual entrymedium
Yorkshire and the HumberWhen the source publishesNext review: 12 February 2027Manual entrymedium
West MidlandsWhen the source publishesNext review: 12 February 2027Manual entrymedium
Announced capacityQuarterlyNext review: 23 December 2026Manual entrylow
East MidlandsWhen the source publishesNext review: 12 February 2027Manual entrymedium
GB data-centre consumptionWhen the source publishesNext review: 15 February 2027Manual entrymedium
DC share of demandAnnualNext review: 15 August 2027Manual entrymedium
Wholesale priceMonthlyNext review: 23 October 2026Manual entryhigh
Efficiency (PUE)AnnualNext review: 23 September 2027Manual entrylow
Business adoptionMonthlyNext review: 23 October 2026Manual entryhigh

Revision history

Every change to a published indicator, reading, edition or to the methodology itself is recorded here. Corrections are also handled under our corrections policy.

  1. updatedc_project·8 Oct 2026

    Reality Score for Premier Park data centre, Park Royal, London, raised from 63 to 71

    63 (Likely) → 71 (Likely)

    Team factor moved from 0 to 8. Architect Scott Brownrigg states the scheme was designed by it for the Pure Data Centres Group and SEGRO joint venture (5 May 2026), confirmed by Construction Enquirer the same day. No main contractor has been named.

  2. updatedc_project·7 Oct 2026

    Reality Score for 1 Redheughs Avenue, Edinburgh, raised from 8 to 15

    8 (Headline only) → 15 (Headline only)

    Momentum raised from 0 to 7: the appeal case file shows the appellant confirmed on 12 August 2026 that it will submit an EIA Report, which is dated activity within the last six months. The appeal has been recalled by Scottish Ministers and is on hold.

  3. correctiondc_project·7 Oct 2026

    Council decision date for 1 Redheughs Avenue, Edinburgh, corrected

    4 February 2026 → 9 February 2026

    The appeal case file gives 9 February 2026 as the date of the council's decision. 4 February 2026 was the date of the committee meeting that refused the application.

  4. correctiondc_project·7 Oct 2026

    Status of the Rover Way data centre, Cardiff, changed from under construction to approved

    Under construction → Approved

    The under-construction status rested on November 2024 announcements that work would start immediately, made before planning permission was issued on 15 April 2025. We have found no later public evidence of construction on site.

  5. correctiondc_project·7 Oct 2026

    Planning status of Equinix Wexham Road, Slough, corrected

    Reserved matters for phase 1 (P/00072/108) approved 26 November 2025 under outline P/00072/096 → Outline application P/00072/152 approved by committee on 26 November 2025, subject to a legal agreement; details reserved

    The council's minutes and agenda item for 26 November 2025 show the committee considered Equinix's outline application P/00072/152. Our correction of 29 September 2026 wrongly attributed the decision to an earlier reserved-matters application.

  6. updatedc_project·7 Oct 2026

    Reality Score for the Tudor Works data centre campus, Hayes, raised from 60 to 75

    60 (Likely) → 75 (Likely)

    Momentum raised from 0 to 15: the operator's construction timeline records two 56 MVA transformers installed in July 2026. The site is still under construction.

  7. updatedc_project·7 Oct 2026

    Reality Score for Skelton Grange, Leeds, raised from 53 to 61

    53 (Possible) → 61 (Likely)

    Momentum raised from 7 to 15: Harworth Group's half-year results of 9 September 2026 state that enabling works are ongoing. No decision notice has been evidenced.

  8. updatedc_project·7 Oct 2026

    Reality Score for DC01UK, South Mimms, revised from 53 to 57

    53 (Possible) → 57 (Possible)

    Grid lowered from 25 to 12: the operator states National Grid has scheduled connection for 2031 (previously reported as October 2029). Land and funding raised from 10 to 20: Equinix completed purchase of the campus in October 2025. Momentum raised from 0 to 7: surveys completed in August 2026 and first reserved matters submitted.

  9. updateindicator·6 Oct 2026· methodology vv1.0

    Updated the source and schedule notes on four NESO forecast indicators (2030, 2035 and 2050 data-centre demand and the NESO modelled estimate)

    2050 demand indicator: annual update → 2050 demand indicator: updated when the source publishes

    NESO's FES 2025 methodology states that Future Energy Scenarios move to a three-yearly cycle for major updates, and NESO now publishes a yearly Ten Year Outlook. The 2035 and 2050 notes also now cite the FES 2025 Data Workbook.

  10. correctiondatapoint·5 Oct 2026· methodology vv1.0

    Corrected the FES 2025 range for Great Britain data-centre electricity demand in 2035 from 30 to 41 TWh to 20 to 41 TWh

    30 to 41 TWh (Ten Year Forecast 33; Hydrogen Evolution 30; Electric Engagement 41) → 20 to 41 TWh (Falling Behind 20; Hydrogen Evolution 30; Ten Year Forecast 33; Holistic Transition 37; Electric Engagement 41)

    The earlier reading listed three of the five FES 2025 scenarios. NESO's FES 2025 Data Workbook (figure F.47) also gives Holistic Transition at 37 TWh and Falling Behind, which does not reach net zero, at 20 TWh.

  11. updatedatapoint·5 Oct 2026· methodology vv1.0

    Replaced "just over 20 TWh" with the exact FES 2025 ten-year forecast for 2030: 20.1 TWh

    Just over 20 TWh (5.2 GW connected capacity; modelled range 3.7 to 6.3 GW) → 20.1 TWh (5.2 GW connected capacity; modelled range 3.7 to 6.3 GW)

    NESO's FES 2025 Data Workbook (figure F.47) gives the Ten Year Forecast value for 2030 as 20,099 GWh.

  12. correctiondatapoint·5 Oct 2026· methodology vv1.0

    Corrected the FES 2025 range for Great Britain data-centre electricity demand in 2050 from 51 to 71 TWh to 30 to 71 TWh

    51 to 71 TWh (Hydrogen Evolution 51; Electric Engagement 71) → 30 to 71 TWh (Falling Behind 30; Hydrogen Evolution 51; Holistic Transition 65; Electric Engagement 71)

    The earlier reading listed only two of the four FES 2025 scenarios. NESO's FES 2025 Data Workbook (figure F.47) also gives Holistic Transition at 65 TWh and Falling Behind, which does not reach net zero, at 30 TWh.

  13. createddatapoint·5 Oct 2026· methodology vv1.0

    Added NESO's FES 2025 ten-year forecast for Great Britain data-centre electricity consumption in 2030: just over 20 TWh

    — → Just over 20 TWh (5.2 GW connected capacity)

    NESO's written evidence to the Environmental Audit Committee gives its FES 2025 ten-year forecast for 2030. It is a later NESO forecast than the 22 TWh Clean Power 2030 figure, which stays published as the November 2024 position.

  14. correctiondc_project·29 Sept 2026

    Corrected the planning status of Equinix Wexham Road, Slough (P/00072/108) from a new outline permission to reserved matters approval for phase 1

    Outline planning permission granted at Planning Committee, 26 November 2025 → Reserved matters (phase 1) approved at Planning Committee, 26 November 2025, under outline permission P/00072/096 granted 19 November 2020

    The council's agenda item describes P/00072/108 as approval of reserved matters following outline approval P/00072/096 of 19 November 2020. The record wrongly described it as a new outline permission.

  15. correctiondc_project·29 Sept 2026

    Revised the published IT load for VIRTUS LONDON1, Enfield, from 4.3 MW to 4.2 MW

    4.3 MW IT load → 4.2 MW IT load

    The operator page previously cited no longer exists. VIRTUS's current Enfield campus page states 4.2 MW of IT load; an older 2021 specification sheet states 4.3 MW. The current operator statement is used.

  16. correctiondc_project·29 Sept 2026

    Corrected the Lanarkshire AI Growth Zone community fund from up to £540 million to up to £543 million

    Up to £540 million → Up to £543 million over 15 years

    GOV.UK's announcement of 29 January 2026 states a community fund of up to £543 million over 15 years.

  17. creatededition·23 Sept 2026· methodology v1

    First published edition (version 1) created from existing published datapoints; 43 datapoints linked.

  18. correctiondatapoint·11 Sept 2026· methodology vv1.0

    Corrected the reporting period of the 125 GW contracted demand queue reading from November 2025 to June 2025

    As at November 2025 → June 2025

    The earlier label used the publication date of a NESO presentation rather than the date the data describes. Corrected against Ofgem's consultation document, paragraph 2.6.

  19. createddatapoint·11 Sept 2026· methodology vv1.0

    Added the November 2024 contracted demand queue reading of 41 GW

    — → 41 GW

    Historical reading of the same indicator, published by Ofgem alongside the June 2025 figure.

  20. createdmethodology·10 Aug 2026· methodology v1.0

    UK AI Energy Index framework v1.0 published — indicator definitions, sources, update schedules and confidence levels.

    Initial release of the index structure. Readings are compiled manually and published indicator by indicator as each source is verified.

Cite or share this index

AI Energy Intelligence, UK AI Energy Index, September 2026 baseline edition, version 1, accessed 12 October 2026. https://aienergyintelligence.co.uk/uk-ai-energy-index

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